GENERAL ANESTHETICS

 

GENERAL ANESTHETICS

General anesthetics are the drug which produces reversible loss of all sensation and  consciousness

Feature of general anesthetics is

Loss of all sensation
Sleep                      
 Muscle relaxation      
  Abolition of refluxes   

APPLICATION Of GENERAL ANESTHETICS

    1.Analgesia

2.Loss of refluxes- to minimize response    

3.Loss of consciousness- patient don’t know what happening outside

4.Provide skeletal muscle relaxation

CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL ANESTHETICS

Based on routes of administration  G.A. consist of two types -

       1.  Inhalation route         

2.  Intravenous route

INHALTION ROUTE

The inhalation route consist of two type of dosage from either it will be liquid or gas

                 Gas –

Nitrous oxide

cyclopropane

                 Liquid –

Halothane 

Ether        

Isoflurane 

Desflurane 

Sevoflurane

Enflurane    

INTRAVENOUS ROUTE

 The subtype of i.v. route done on the on the basis of activity  of drug as follows

Short acting

Fast acting

FAST ACTING

Thiopentane sodium

Etomidate

Propofol

SLOWER ACTING

The slower acting consist of three type of drug as follows

Benzodiazepines       –lorazopam,diazepam,midazolam,

Dissociative drug       -Ketamine

Opoid or neuroleptic  –Fentyl+droperidol

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF G.A.

Generally mechanism of G.A. is unknown

MINIMUM ALVEOLAR CONCENTRATION

• Lowest conecentration of anesthetic in pulmonary alveoli needed to produce respoce to painful stimulas of an 50% individual

• The lower MAC high potency of anesthetics

Pharmacology of intravenous anesthetics

This type of G.A.shows rapid on set of action and generally used for induction of anesthetics so called inducing agent.

These agents help to reduced the dose of inhalation anesthetics

Pharmacology of inhaltion anesthetics

•  It posses ideal properties of anesthetics but not fulfill there requirement

• The transfer of anesthesia between lung to brain depend on

     Alveoli to blood to brain and viceverca